[中文] 稻草是世界上丰富的木质纤维素废弃原料之一。就总产量而言,米是世界上仅次于小麦和玉米的第三重要的谷类作物,根据每年的联合国粮食及农业组织数据,2000年世界一年的米产量大约是6.50亿吨。每公斤谷物的收获伴随着1-1.5公斤谷草的产生。因此估计全球每年产生大约6.50-9.75亿吨稻草,其中很大一部分用于牲口饲料,剩余的作为废弃物。稻草处理的可选方案受制于低的体积比重,土壤中降解慢,怀有水稻茎病,以及高的矿物质含量。现在,田地焚烧是消除稻草的主要措施,但这样做会增加空气污染且必然地影响公众健康。许多西欧国家已经禁止户外田地焚烧,且一些其他国家已经严肃地考虑了这个问题。由于气候改变被广泛地认为是发展的一个威胁,人们越来越关注于将农业工用的剩余物作为能源应用的可供选择的利用方式。在这样的背景下,稻草将会成为我们未来能源需求的一个潜在的候选者。
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[外文]Rice straw is one of the abundant lignocellulosic waste materials
in the world. In terms of total production, rice is the third most
important grain crop in the world behind wheat and corn. As per
FAO statistics, world annual rice production in 2000 was about
650 million tons. Every kilogram of grain harvested is accompanied
by production of 1–1.5 kg of the straw (Maiorella, 1985). It gives an
estimation of about 650–975 million tons of rice straw produced
per year globally and a large part of this is going as cattle feed
and rest as waste. The options for the disposition of rice straw
are limited by the low bulk density, slow degradation in the soil,
harboring of rice stem diseases, and high mineral content. Nowadays,
field burning is the major practice for removing rice straw,
but it increases the air pollution and consequently affects public
health (Mussatto and Roberto, 2000). As climate change is extensively
recognized as a threat to development, there is growing
interest in alternative uses of agro-industrial residues for energy
applications. In this context, rice straw would be a potential candidate
for our future energy needs. [/外文]
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