近年来,随着城市的高速发展引起水文特性的变化,由强降水引起的城市内涝灾害日益加剧。内涝灾害的发生严重影响了人们的生活和健康,为社会造成巨大经济损失。
城市内涝在中国较为普遍。以前主要发生在一些沿海地势比较低的地区,现在内陆城市也经常发生。过去城市建设用地面积小,可选择的区域比较大,一般都选择地势比较高的地区建设,而现在,城市用地十分紧张,可选择的余地少。 同时,随着现代城市的建设,排水内涝方面也出现许多新问题。很多地方的立交桥下,降雨后会积水。过街的地下通道、铁路桥、公路桥也存在类似的情况。
目前,有大量的学者都对防治城市内涝进行了很多研究。总结前人的研究成果,尽管中国在防治城市内涝这一领域的研究成果已相当丰硕,涉及的范围也比较全面,但是在某些方面仍存在着一些不足之处,需要进一步补充与完善。虽然国内的研究大都提到了改善渗透设施、建设城市排水管网等措施,但缺少解决这些问题的具体可实施的途径,提出的许多解决措施几乎是千篇一律。根据城市内涝的情况,应因地制宜地采取防治措施。
本文所要研究的正是具体的问题。根据合肥市的气候、降水量、地形、河流水系、植被覆盖、城市建设及合肥市居民生活等因素对城市内涝形成的影响,在前人对城市内涝研究的基础上,以合肥的城市内涝的现状为研究案例,对城市内涝的形成、防治等方面进行分析和研究,提出笔者自己的意见和建议。
In recent years, the rapid development of the city caused changes in hydrological characteristics, urban waterlogging disasters caused by the heavy rainfall increased. Waterlogging disasters seriously affect people’s lives and health, and have caused huge economic losses to society.
Urban waterlogging is relatively common in China. Previously occurred in some coastal low-lying areas, now in inner cities this also occurs often. Over the past few years, urban land for construction is small, there are more available land to choose from, generally the higher grounds are choosen to do construction, and now, urban land is very much in-need, with less choices. Meanwhile, with the construction of modern cities, many new problems went up in drainage water logging. In many places under the overpasses , the rain will assemble. As to the case of tunnel crossing , railway bridge and highway bridge, the similar situation exists.
Currently, a large number of scholars have conducted a number of studies in regards to the prevention and treatment of urban waterlogging. Through summarizing the achievements of those previous studies, I come to the conclusion that although China’s reseach has been quite fruitful in fields concerning the fight against urban waterlogging , involving more in scope, but in some aspects there are still some deficiencies which need to be further supplemented and improved. Although most of these domestic researchs have mentioned to improve the permeable facilities, to construct urban drainage network and other measures, but they all lack concrete solutions to these problems, and these solutions are almost invariable. In accordance with urban waterlogging situation, controlment measures should be taken according to local conditions.
This thesis is meant to study specific issues. According to the climate, precipitation, topography, river systems, vegetation cover, urban construction situation in Hefei and the citizen’s living and other factors , discuss their influnce on waterlogging. On the basis of the previous studies, taking waterlogging in the city of Hefei as the case, studying and analysising the formation and prevention of city waterlogging, and in the end put forward the advises and suggestions of my own. waterlogging, control and other aspects of analysis and research, put forward their views and recommendations of the author.
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