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blog名称:Tech Writer—萝卜在跑步
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[名家谈翻译]对介词根意的研究
Rola 发表于 2000/5/28 21:18:00
国人学英语,普遍会犯介词运用的错误,因为现在的教材对介词基本的都是直译的,而且常给一个介词定义很多零碎的具体的中文意思,比如 on  (介词. 在...之上, 依附于, 临近, 靠近, 向, 在...时候, 关于, 涉及)。这就让很多学习者,不能真正懂得这些介词的词源含义,从而不能得以灵活运用。以下系我这些年英语学习和实践中获得的理解与心得, 与大家分享, 也仅供参考:
  • IN表示在时间、空间或逻辑范围“之内”

in the morning / in the middle / speak in English / in a bad way / in answer to / in any case / in case of

  • ON表示“接触”

an apple on the table.

She was working on (preparing) the presentation file.

The light is on (position).

on the basis of / online / on hand / on schedule / on the sea / on the list / on the bus

  • TO表示时间、空间或逻辑的“终止”处

from A to Z / to a fit / to a hair / to a nail / to a point / give it to me

  • AT表示“针对”,以相互呼应形成状态

He goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.

Don't look at me.

He knocks at the door noisily.

at school / at first sight of / at table / at one's last gasp / at one's service / at one's heels / at one's hands / at one's elbow

  • OF表示事理的“属性”、归属

(be) of a day 短命的

of good quality上等的, 优质的

of humble birth平民出身

of great use很有用

of great importance很重要

of great worth价值很高的

of no use无用

of no account不重要的, 无价值的

of intent有意地, 蓄意地

of one's own accord自愿地

of the sort那样的, 这类的...., 诸如此类的...

of the surface外观上的, 外表的

He is one of my best friends.

  • FOR表示带有目的性的“关联”

如:for sure, for example, for ever, for free, for fear that, for reasons of, for safety, for the purpose of, for years

She works for me.

She works for money.

  • WITH表示“附带”

We see with our eyes.

Can i go with you?

She was angry with me when i introduced her to Samuel.

  • FROM表示时间、空间或逻辑的“起始”处

He played piano from a child. / from above / from abroad / from age to age / from all accounts / from my understanding / from habit

  • OFF表示时间、空间或逻辑上的“脱离”

off center / off color / off duty / off hour / off line / off day / off one's top / off quality / off size / off shore / off the beat / off the beam/off the hook / off the map / off the nail / off the track

  •  Over/above/under/below

= 正上方/上方/正下方/下方


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