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主题: 摘自赵丽宏主编、徐英才翻译的《英译中国当代美文选》 [] |
![]() 1. 大海在我瞳孔里1 江南 夏日,海滩。 蓝色的涛声在空中忽明忽暗地飘荡。几束海风缠住我的头发¬;¬;2,我扯下一条放在嘴里。哦,海水把空气都染咸了。地质学家说是江河里带来的盐份,也有些诗人说是渔民的汗水、穷人的眼泪……,可我说——我怎么说呢?海洋学家们正在为海水是在咸起来还是淡下去而争论不休。我说——本来嘛,大海! (未完) Jiang Nan A summer beach. The sound of the blue-sea waves wafts in the air rhythmically —— brightly for a moment and dimly for another. With a few strokes, the sea wind has caught my hair, and I pluck a strand and poke it between my lips —— oh, the seawater has even salted my hair! Geologists argue that it is the salinity of streams and rivers that has salted the sea, while some poets lament that it is the sweat of fishermen and the tears of the poor that have done so. But I shall say —— how shall I put it when oceanographers are engaged in a heated discussion about whether seawater is becoming saltier or less salty? I shall say —— Oh, well, a sea is a sea after all, isn’t it? 注释 1.原文标题《大海在我瞳孔里》所表达的意思就是“大海在我眼睛里”。英语里正好有一个对应说法叫:The Sea in My Eyes。原文作者之所以弃传统说法不用,而用“大海在我瞳孔里”,用“瞳孔”来代替“眼睛”与“大海”搭配,是为了追求新意,用新颖的搭配来塑造新颖的形象,以此描绘出一个大海浮现在眼球里的景象。但翻译时,我们并没有采用这个新颖的搭配把该标题译成The Sea in My Pupils,而是按照传统说法,把它译作The Sea in My Eyes。这是因为,英语里的pupil(瞳孔)并不能象eye(眼睛)那样给人以“看”的联想。在英语里,pupil给人更多的是解剖学上的联想。英译文艺作品时,我们往往既要注意词的字面意思(denotation)是否准确,也要注意它的联想意义(connotation)是否正确与丰富。 2.把“缠住我的头发”译成has tangled my hair没有译作has caught my hair的联想意义更丰富。Has tangled my hair仅仅表、达了“搞乱了我的头发”这层意思,而has caught my hair不但有“搞乱了我的头发”这层意思,还表达了从“没有搞乱”到“搞乱了”这个过程。Caught 的动词原形catch作“缠住”解有下列用法: (1) Her expensive wedding gown caught on a nail. 她那件昂贵的婚纱勾在了钉子上。
2. 北去 又从这里北去。 长长的天空不阴不晴,太阳像一环洼地陷进浓厚厚的天中,四边的光晕仿佛是黄色的篱笆。我伫立在一个灰色的水泥方柱下候车。来得早,时间在半空和缓的气流中踽踽独行1。 (未完) Zhang Liqin Again, I will be going north from here. The long stretching sky is neither cloudy nor clear. The sun, like a piece of round lowland, caves in on the thickly stagnant sky, and its halo looks like a yellow fence. I stand by a grey-colored, square-shaped concrete pillar, waiting for my train. It is still early. Time inches its way in the gently streaming air. 1.“太阳像一环洼地陷进浓厚厚的天中,四边的光晕仿佛是黄色的篱笆。我伫立在一个灰色的水泥方柱下候车。来得早,时间在半空和缓的气流中踽踽独行”这两句译作The sun, like a piece of round lowland, caves on in the thickly stagnant sky, and its halo looks like a yellow fence. I stand by a grey-colored, square-shaped concrete pillar, waiting for my train. It is still early. Time inches its way in the gently streaming air,其中“浓厚厚的天”没有简练地译成thick sky,反而多加一个字译作thickly stagnant(停滞的)sky,这是因为,原文作者在这里试图通过对景物的描写来营造一种迟缓的气氛(事实上文章里很多地方都呈现这种气氛),以此来烘托出主人翁的惆怅心理。不是吗?“太阳像一环洼地”,“光晕仿佛是……篱笆”,“洼地”和“篱笆”都是什么概念?静止的概念!接下来对“水泥柱”的描写是“灰色的水泥方柱”,水泥柱就是水泥柱,为什么非要用两个形容词,“灰”和“方”呢?“灰”是什么颜色?“方”又是什么形状?“灰”当然是一种沉闷的颜色,“方”在古代哲学里的概念是“静止”!天圆地方,“圆”代表动,“方”代表不动。所以在翻译“灰”和“方”这两个字时,译文没有简单地用grey和square,而是用了grey-colored和 square-shaped来突出这个沉闷的颜色和静止的图形。在翻译下一句时间的行走时,也特意用表示缓慢的动词inch。Inch作动词是“慢慢移动”的意思。
3. 秋雨•;山林 陈心华 从早到晚风雨延绵不绝。天气骤然凉下来,黄叶四处飘洒,街道的路面上,满是金黄的斑斑点点,像油画布上随意涂抹的色块。隔着水珠纵横的玻璃窗望出去,这种图景很像是陈年秋夜的某个梦境。天郁郁地阴着脸,人也跟着发闷。我几天足不出户1,趴在窗上望街道上无声流过的湿漉漉的人们。有某种浮在繁忙的城市生活上空的东西随着那雨落下来,滴落到人们心里,我心中却一直回响着两句简单的哨歌,那是很久以前关于一个头脑简单的人在雨中快乐又忧伤的故事。它反反复复,倒来倒去,活像我脑中有个电唱机卡住了。它马上就要炸了,抓起一把伞,我已到了门外。锁门时我被挟雨的风激得一噤2。 (未完) Autumn Rain. Mountain Forests It has been windy and rainy the whole day, and the temperature has dropped abruptly. Withered leaves fall everywhere, mottling the street with golden yellow blobs, looking like random colors scrawled on an oil-painted canvas. Through the raindrop-strewn window, the framed scene outside appears like a dreamland of an autumn night in the remote past. The gloomy sky is depressing! For a few days in a row, I have not set foot beyond our threshold, but instead pressed my forehead against the window, watching wet pedestrians silently streaming by. Over the hustling and bustling city life, something floating in the sky is dripping down with the rain into people’s hearts. Two simple, whistling lyrics that tell an old story about the sadness and happiness of a simple-minded person in the rain keep ringing in my heart. The two lines keep ringing repeatedly and randomly, as if a musical record has gotten stuck on my mind’s gramophone. For fear that it might explode in me at any minute, I grab an umbrella, and out I am on the street. I cannot help shuddering when the wind flings the raindrops onto me while I try to lock the door. 注释 1.“我几天足不出户”译作For a few days in a row, I have not set foot beyond our threshold。译文里的in a row的意思是“一连串”、“连续”,常跟表时间的短语连用,如译文里的for a few days;set foot是“踏足于”。比如: A. in a row B. set foot 2.原文第一段里有画面,形象,意境等等,译文也要努力把它们塑造出来: (1)画面 (2)意境 (3)形象 (4)声音 (5)速度
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![]() 摘自徐英才翻译的《英译中国当代美文选》 大海在我瞳孔里1 江 南 夏日,海滩。 Jiang Nan A summer beach. The sound of the blue sea waves wafts in the air rhythmically — brightly for a moment and dimly for another. With a few strokes, the sea wind has caught my hair, and I pluck a strand and poke it between my lips — oh, the seawater has even salted my hair! Geologists argue that it is the salinity of streams and rivers that has salted the sea, while some poets lament that it is the sweat of fishermen and the tears of the poor that have done so. But I shall say — how shall I put it when oceanographers are engaged in a heated discussion about whether seawater is becoming saltier or less salty? I shall say — Oh, well, a sea is a sea after all, isn’t it? A tidal wave comes crashing down upon me. The entire world begins to sink and sink and sink … and the ice-cold water, shrink-wrapping me up, begins to draw heat from every pore of my body. The more I release the heat, the more the water absorbs it — maybe complying with the law of equivalent exchange is a human instinct! But, anyway, battle between humans and Mother Nature is a major theme in the earth symphony, while the fights among humans themselves are but an accompaniment. The sea looks me in the eye with a supercilious expression… The Sea: “What are you here for?” Me: “To seek …” The Sea: “Another one, huh? Humans marvel at my depth, but only in my shallowness do they seek refuge. Ha-ha!” Me: “I’m here to look for chemical elements in your veins — uranium, deuterium, and tritium — to free them from the spell of solitude.” The Sea: “What for?” Me: “For it is inevitable! For it is unavoidable! And for I am a HUMAN.” The Sea: “What if I flare up? You can be…” Me: “Then, that will fulfill me.” A long, deep drowning kiss! I can hardly breathe! Then, the sea frantically tugs me into his arms and starts a jive dance with me: One sweep after another, one sweep after another — endlessly … but suddenly, he releases his grab, and I am thrown, along a parabola onto the crest of a wave. Opening my eyes, I see, through countless triple prisms of broken waves smashed by sunlight, a reflection of life in a riot of colors …. The view spirals up — The setting sun, a hypertension sufferer! Dark clouds, grievances, hanging under the firmament! Seagulls, musical notes, expressing a sense of nostalgia! The firmament, a combination of myriad sine curves! …. A succession of blurred visions floats up from the bottom of the sea, to be quickly devoured by foam as each vision pops out of the water’s surface — one after another, one after another … until none is left! I stride onto the beach. Barefoot, step by step, I tramp on the sand, in an attempt to leave larger and deeper footprints … But the sea, unrolling his watery tongue, bubbling with foam, licks them all up. —Error marks? —Typewriter white-outs? “Click.” A camera has captured the scene: a wry grin, wet hair, water drops hanging halfway down, splashes flying in the air, reflections rippling on the sand … and the large pile of transparent ash Vesuvius has dumped here. Time tried to creep away from the scene, but I thrust out one of my legs and tripped him into the exposure of the sunlight. Thus, quietly, I have frozen the “eternity” permeating the universe into the unrepeatable but elusively familiar moment. The sea is vast, very vast … and this is the sea seen in my eyes. 1. 原文标题《大海在我瞳孔里》所表达的意思就是“大海在我眼睛里”。英语里正好有一个对应说法叫:The Sea in My Eyes。原文作者之所以弃传统说法不用,而用“大海在我瞳孔里”,用“瞳孔”来代替“眼睛”与“大海”搭配,是为了追求新意,用新颖的搭配来塑造新颖的形象,以此描绘出一个大海浮现在眼球里的景象。但翻译时,我们并没有采用这个新颖的搭配把该标题译成The Sea in My Pupils,而是按照传统说法,把它译作The Sea in My Eyes。这是因为,英语里的pupil(瞳孔)并不能象eye(眼睛)那样给人以“看”的联想。在英语里,pupil给人更多的是解剖学上的联想。英译文艺作品时,我们往往既要注意词的字面意思(denotation)是否准确,也要注意它的联想意义(connotation)是否正确与丰富。 2. 把“缠住我的头发”译成has tangled my hair没有译作has caught my hair的联想意义更丰富。Has tangled my hair仅仅表达了“搞乱了我的头发”这层意思,而has caught my hair不但有“搞乱了我的头发”这层意思,还表达了从“没有搞乱”到“搞乱了”这个过程。Caught 的动词原形catch作“缠住”解有下列用法: (1) Her expensive wedding gown caught on a nail. 她那件昂贵的婚纱勾在了钉子上。 3. “一排大浪扑来,把我卷了进去”译作A tidal wave comes crashing down upon me。译文里的a tidal wave 是“巨浪”的意思。注意come crashing 的用法。英语里,go/come + doing something表示“去/来做某事”。比如: (1) go /come shopping去/来买东西 把“把我卷了进去”译作come crashing down upon me 比译成come rolling me in与下文的衔接更紧密。Come rolling me in只有“把我卷进浪里去”的意思,与下文里的“沉、沉、沉……”的衔接不那么直接;而come crashing down upon me则有“向我扑来,把我朝下压垮”的意思。正因如此,它更能直接导致下文所描写的“沉、沉、沉……”的结果。 4. “整个世界都在下沉、沉、沉……”译作The entire world begins to sink and sink and sink…。一般来说,译文要简练,但本译文在这里却一连用了两个and来连接sink, 这是因为,sink and sink and sink读起来要比sink, sink, and sink更带有连续不断性,因此其行文节奏也就更能与其所表达的意思相吻合。翻译时,在可能的情况下,行文的节奏要与意思的表达联系起来,也就是说,形式要能有效地反映内容。 5. “大海带着嘲讽的神情注视着我的眼睛”译作The sea looks me in the eye with a supercilious expression,其中的looks me in the eye来自look somebody in the eye这个惯用语,作“直视某人的眼睛”解。注意look后没有at,eye也可以是复数形式。注意这个惯用语跟in the eyes of somebody或者in somebody’s eyes的区别: A. look somebody in the eye(s) 的意思是“盯着某人的眼睛看”。比如: B. in the eyes of somebody/something 或者 in somebody’s/something’s eyes 的意思是“在……眼里”。比如: 6. 不能把“在我的爆发中”直译成in my explosion,因为explosion通常是指火药、锅炉之类的“爆炸”,而这里的“在我的爆发中”的意思是“(假如)我发怒了的话”,故译作What if I flare up。 Flare up有实意用法(literal use)与喻意用法(figurative use)两种。实意用法作“闪耀”、“爆发”解;喻意用法作“发怒”、“震怒”解。比如: A. flare up(实意用法): B. flare up(喻意用法): 7. 翻译时一定要吃准原文的意思。“我将找到我自己”不是“我会找到我自己”或者“我不会丢失”的意思,而是“这将使我实现我的价值”,所以不能译成I will find myself。这里,我们把它译作Then, that will fulfill me。Fulfill是“完成”或者“满足”的意思。比如: (1) fulfill one’s duties 尽到某人的责任 8. “夕阳,一个高血压患者”是一个比喻说法(figurative speech)。比喻牵涉到本体(被比的事物),喻体(被比作的事物)以及比喻词(“像”、“如”、“若”等等)。比喻方法主要有:明喻(simile),暗喻(metaphor),借喻(trope)等等。采用比喻词的,就是明喻;把比喻词拿掉换成“是”或者“成”等的,是暗喻;既不用比喻词也省略本体仅留下喻体的,就是借喻。比如: (1) 夕阳就象一个高血压患者!The setting sun is like a hypertension sufferer!(明喻 原文是一个省略了比喻词“像”或者“如”的明喻。省略了比喻词后,语言的节奏就比较快。为保持这个节奏,译文也省略了比喻词: The setting sun, a hypertension sufferer! 下面的三句比喻也采用了类似方法来译。 摘自徐英才翻译的《英译中国当代美文选》
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