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主题: 翻译见解,也希望高手也来评论分析下 [] |
![]() 关键词 由于 原因 手段 Abstract The phrase“you yu. . . ”can be used as either a preposition or a conjunction in Chinese , and it isoften used to introduce an adverbial of cause in a sentence. There are many ways to translate it into English, which is illustrated in the present paper by way of examples. Key Words you yu. . . cause means“ 由于”在现代汉语中是一个兼属介词和连词的常用词,意思相当于“因为”,有时可用“多亏”、“既然”替换使用。“由于”在句中主要的句法功能是充当状语,表示原因或理由。为了强调原因或理由,按照汉语行文习惯,在介词“由于”之后,还可加“缘故,原因,关系”等词语构成介词短语,用在介词结构中的“缘故,原因, 关系”等词只起加强语气的作用,不必译出。在正式文体中,介词“由于”常被起相同作用的介词“鉴于”取而代之。“由于”作连词时,在结构上为了与前呼应,其后常常接“所以,因而,因此”等词语,以突出整个句子的因果关系。本文试图就“由于”一词及其替换词“因为”、“幸亏”、“既然”及“鉴于”的英语表达法作一探析。 1 “由于”译为表示原因的介词把“由于”译为表示原因的介词,多指心理、生理、疾病、消极、抱怨、顺合自然规律等方面的原因。表原因的介词常见的有: at , after , between ,by ,f rom ,of ,on ,through ,to ,with 等。 11 他由于吸烟过度,双手都打颤了。(生理) His hands t rembled with oversmoking. 21 就是由于你,我们才迟到的。(抱怨) It was all through you that we were late. 31 他母亲因患乳腺癌于五年前去世了。 (疾病) His mother died of bread cancer 5 yearsago. 41 他总是由于饮酒过量, 而多次失业。 (消极) He always drank too much and lost jobs byit . 2 “由于”译为表示因果关系的介词短语: because of ,due to ,out of ,owing to ,thanks to 等211 Because of . . . 表因果关系,口笔语都可用11 由于患白内障,老人双目失明了。 The old man was blind because ofcataracts . 21 因为下雨,所以足球赛取消了。 The football match was cancelled because ofrain. 2. 2 Due to. . . 既可指客观因素,也指主观因素11 由于摩擦力,输入能量的这一部分被浪费了。(客观) Due to f riction , this part of the input energy is wasted. 21 由于工作努力,他们获得了成功。(主观) Due to hard work , they succeeded. Their success was due to hard work . 213 out of . . . 用于心理、主观方面的原因这一切都是因为嫉妒造成的。(心理) All this was done out of envy . 2. 4 Owing to. . . 既能指积极原因,也能指消极原因,多用于书面语11 由于缺少工作人员,因而服务质量差。 (消极) The service is poor owing to a shortage ofstaf f . 21 由于我们采取了预防措施,台风并未造成损失。(积极) Owing to the precautionary measure wehad taken , the typhoon did not work damage. 215 Thanks to. . . 多用于正面原因,间或用于反面场合,多用于书面语11 多亏谢先生身体好,才能平安躲过最近的非典。(积极) Thanks to his st rong constit ution , Mr. Xiewas able to pull through the recent SARS. 21 由于他的愚蠢,这项工作将要大大延误了。(消极) Thanks to his st upidity , this work is goingto be delayed a great deal. 3 “由于”译为表示原因的介词短语:in consequence of ,as a result of ,in view of ,on accountof ,by/ in virtue of3. 1 In consequence of . . . 和on account of . . . 与汉语介词结构“由于缘故”相似,多用于书面语11 由于长期干旱的缘故,我们非常缺水。 In consequence of the long drought ,we areext remely short of water. 21 由于价格太贵,我们没向这家商号定货。 We didn’t place orders with this firm onaccount of the high price. 312 As a result of . . . 在表意与具体作用上与介词结构“由于的结果”相似,多用于书面语他的死是由于那次事故的直接结果。 He died as a di rect resul t of the accident . 313 In view of . . . 在意思和语体上与“鉴于”相似,多见于书面语11 由于最近事态的发展,我们认为这一步不可取。 In view of recent developments ,we do notthink this step advisable. 21 鉴于劳动成本提高,很多公司采用自动化操作。 In view of rising labor costs ,many companies have turned to automation. 314 By/ in virtue of . . . 语感上的意思是“多亏”, 多
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