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主题： 汉语谐音词语的意义引申与翻译 [] |
 发表于 2008/3/20 20:25:00
汉语词语的谐音引申意义在日常生活中随处可见，而且意义的表现形式也很奇异，往往给人一种新异的感觉。 一、意义引申的三种形式 第一、 表谐音中彼字的意义 许多汉语流行语或广告中都运用此汉字表达与其音相同的彼汉字意义，而不是此汉字的意义，达到表意新颖的目的。 如，“趁早下班，请勿逗留”， 此汉字的“班”是彼字的“斑”，此汉字的“逗”是彼字的“痘”，从而达到妙不可言。再如，“香菇女（popular single woman）”中“菇”与“孤”谐音，表达的意思却是“孤”的意义。 第二、 表谐音中此字的意义 在这类谐音字中，表达意义的此汉字会让人联想到彼汉字的读音，但是表达却是此汉字的意义，如“外貌协会（good-looks club）”中“貌”表达的是“美貌”的意思， 却根据汉字的构字模式让人联想到“外贸协会”的组织，流露出“防拟”修辞的生成效果。 第三、意义搭配引申 根据汉字组合的规律，可以形成一个组合形式表达两种不同的意义。一种意义是人们认为理所当然的，而另一种意义却是人们不易想到的， 因此在人们思维过程中会激发理解后的愉悦感。如，特困生（super-sleepy student）字面表达的是a student from an extremely poor family. 但是在校园流行语中却表达的是students who often take naps during the class. The middle character in this Chinese term means "poor" here, but it sounds the same as another Chinese word meaning "sleepy." 二、翻译方法 从英汉语料分析可以发现这种词语的翻译一般按照意义翻译，即Translation means translating meaning. 翻译就是翻译意义的原则。如贝多芬翻译成back-baring lady， 表达的意思是those young women who wear fashionable clothes that bare as much of their back as possible. This Chinese term is actually a translation of the name of Ludwig van Beethoven, but the first character of the term sounds like "back," the second means "more" and the last "fragrance”. 再如，本草纲木dumb and annoying 意思是It is an expression popular with youngsters when they call a person stupid, noisy, and dull. The expression, borrowed from the title of an ancient Chinese medicine encyclopedia, Compendium of Materia Medica, plays on the four Chinese characters 笨 (stupid), 吵 (noisy), 戆 (simple-minded), and 木 (unresponsive), which sound similar to the title； 其它如：乙醚Yi’s fan，病房defective house。有时候也采取字面意思的直译，如"海龟" "sea turtle"，表达的意思是People have come to use this term to refer to people who have returned to work on the mainland after completing their education overseas. "Sea turtle" in Chinese is pronounced the same as the abbreviated phrase "returning from overseas."； "海带" "seaweed"表达的意思是The word, a follow-up to "sea turtle," is used to refer to those Chinese youths who haven’t found a job in their home country after they study overseas. The Chinese character dai in the phrase sounds the same as another Chinese word meaning "wait." as in waiting for a job；韩流Hallyu or Korean fever表达的意思是Hallyu is a Korean word meaning the boom in Korean pop culture among Chinese, Japanese and Southeast Asians. It also sounds the same as the Chinese term "cold snap." ；月光族moonlite表达的意思是This concocted Chinese term is the moniker for people who always spend all their salaries or earnings before the end of the month. The first Chinese character in the term means “month” or “moon,” and the second “leaving nothing behind” or “light.” 通过这种词语意义的生成方式的探讨，可以明确这类词语在日常交流中表达的语用特征。对翻译的探讨，可以让外国人理解这种词语的意义，从而领略其中的语用妙意和幽默的效果。[/size][/size][/size][/size][/size][/size]
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